Web Reference: Jul 16, 2009 · Using mutable values passed in as arguments as local temporaries is an extremely bad idea, whether we're in Python or not and whether there are default arguments involved or not. Jul 23, 2025 · Whenever a mutable type is provided as the default argument, assign it to be None value in the function head. Hence, the principle of least astonishment is preserved by applying the above-mentioned fix. Python’s default arguments are evaluated once when the function is defined, not each time the function is called (like it is in say, Ruby). This means that if you use a mutable default argument and mutate it, you will and have mutated that object for all future calls to the function as well.
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