Web Reference: Python’s default arguments are evaluated once when the function is defined, not each time the function is called (like it is in say, Ruby). This means that if you use a mutable default argument and mutate it, you will and have mutated that object for all future calls to the function as well. Jan 25, 2026 · Learn why mutable default arguments in Python cause unexpected behavior and how to fix this common bug with the None pattern. PyCharm warns that the default argument is mutable, which may seem obtuse, but what it means is that objects you create using the default are all sharing the same reference to that one default argument.
YouTube Excerpt: From "The Hitchhiker's Guide to Python" https://docs.python-guide.org/writing/gotchas/
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