Web Reference: We'll discuss debugging techniques, performance optimization, and kernel module programming. We'll also show you how to write kernel patches and contribute to the Linux kernel community. Your task will be to develop the board configuration file There may be a configuration file for the reference board that you can use as a starting point The configuration file is essentially a script of commands to initialize the target board You keep working on it until you can initialize memory Once memory is on-line, you should then be able to write values into memory via the JTAG that can be read back Then, enhance the configuration to initialize other peripherals Linux-Aware JTAGs There are several rather tricky transitions during the Linux booting process Transitioning from flash to RAM Transitioning from physical addresses to kernel virtual addresses These transitions require the use of hardware breakpoints Make sure that your JTAG is “Linux aware” It must understand Linux’s use of the MMU to be of much use for driver debugging The Linux Boot Sequence Like the boot firmware, the Linux kernel starts in assembly language Sets up the caches, initializes some MMU page table entries, configures a “C” stack and jumps to a C entry point called start_kernel() (init/main.c) start_kernel() is then responsible for: Architecture and machine-specific hardware initialization Initializing virtual memory Starting the system clock tick Initializing kernel subsystems and device drivers Finally, a system console is started and the init process is created The init process (PID 1) is then the start of all user-space processing JTAG and Early Kernel Debug An odd thing happens when the MMU is enabled All of the physical addresses suddenly get translated into virtual addresses The kernel’s debug symbols are all built assuming a virtual address space You’ll need to turn debugging symbols on in the kernel Consequently, while you can step through the early code by using a hardware breakpoint address, software breakpoint on symbols will only work after the MMU is enabled Fortunately, this happens fairly early in the kernel initialization You can typically tell the JTAG to step so many instructions and then stop again Step past the MMU initialization, stop and then set additional breakpoints Configure Kernel for Debugging Enable debugging info and rebuild the kernel Loading Symbols into the JTAG UI Depending on the JTAG UI, you may simply have to load the kernel’s vmlinux image to be able to access the symbols by name The techniques for doing this vary by JTAG vendor Attach the JTAG to the hardware Reset the board via JTAG and hold in reset Set H/W breakpoint using the JTAG Load the vmlinux via the JTAG (this loads the symbols) Command the JTAG to tell the hardware to “go” Once you encounter the hardware breakpoint, you can step in assembly until the MMU is enabled The MMU will translate physical addresses to virtual addresses Once virtual addressing is on, set breakpoints as normal Using JTAG to Dump printk Buffer If you kernel hangs right after displaying “Uncompressing Kernel Image … Optimize performance and efficiency in custom Linux embedded systems with expert JTAG debugging techniques.
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