Web Reference: Feb 27, 2026 · The Problem: Default arguments are evaluated once at definition time. The Solution: Use None as the default and initialize the mutable object inside the function body. The standard, most Pythonic way to avoid the mutable default pitfall is to use None as the default value and then check for it inside the function. The Mutable Default trap is more than a syntax error—its a lesson in memory management. In 2026, as we build increasingly complex and distributed systems, the None Sentinel pattern remains the gold standard for safe concurrency and predictable logic.
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